Cultivo semicerrado de Hypnea Musciformis (Rhodophyta): evaluación de la tasa de crecimiento

dc.contributor.advisorRozo Torres, Gladys
dc.creatorVargas Castro , Dayan Lizeth
dc.date.accessioned2026-05-25T15:14:17Z
dc.date.created2026-05-11
dc.description.abstractLos cultivos de macroalgas han tenido una tendencia en aumento durante los últimos años, ya que representan una estrategia con impacto global gracias a sus aplicaciones en sectores clave como la alimentación, la salud, la cosmética y la energía, sin embargo, en Colombia esté es un sector poco desarrollado, teniendo esto en cuenta, el objetivo del presente trabajo fue implementar un sistema de cultivo semicerrado para evaluar la tasa de crecimiento de los talos de Hypnea musciformis en condiciones controladas de salinidad, temperatura y pH. Para ellos, se realizaron dos cultivos entre septiembre - diciembre del 2022 y agosto - noviembre del 2023. Los talos colectados se aclimataron, se sembraron y se midió su tasa de crecimiento diario promedio (TCDm), en respuesta a cuatro tratamientos de NaNO3 (5 mM, 15 mM, 20 mM y 0 mM), dos tipos de sustrato (esqueleto de coral (SC) y mallas de polipropileno (SM)) y dos condiciones de luz (blanca a 30 µmol. m⁻².s⁻¹ y luz azul + blanca a 106 µmol. m⁻².s⁻¹). Se realizaron extractos mediante UHPLC-DAD y UHPLC-MS/MS para cuantificar el perfil de aminoácidos tipo micosporina (MAAs). Por último, se utilizó metanol para la extracción de kappa-carragenina y SEC-HPLC para determinar su peso molecular. En el primer ensayo, el mayor TCDm se obtuvo a los 8 días, el cual fue de 4.613 ± 2.792 %; n = 8 con 5 mM y para el segundo fue a los 35 días, 0.866 ± 0.576 %; n = 24 con 5 mM. Aunque no hubo diferencias significativas entre los sustratos, el ensayo 1 con SC y 5 mM [NaNO3] presentó un TCDm de 6.973 %. Se encontraron diferencias significativas entre los tratamientos para el ensayo uno (PERMANOVA, pseudo F = 12.262, p = 0.0001), y entre las condiciones de luz para el ensayo dos (PERMANOVA, pseudo F = 9.151, p = 0.003). La luz blanca alcanzó un TCDm de 0.619 ± 0.980 %; n= 56 con 15 mM [NaNO3]. Las muestras cultivadas revelaron solamente trazas de MAAs, un rendimiento de extracción de kappa-carragenina entre 20.5 a 34.7 % y pesos moleculares de 134.80 KDa a 163.04 KDa. Se logró promover el aumento en el crecimiento de los talos y determinar que las variables contribuyen en un 34.8 % a la variabilidad del TCD, sin embargo, se destaca la importancia de optimizar las condiciones ambientales y el uso de biofiltros para limitar la presencia de organismos competidores, con el fin de optimizar y garantizar la viabilidad del cultivo a largo plazo.
dc.description.abstractenglishMacroalgae cultivation has been on the rise in recent years, representing a strategy with global impact thanks to its applications in key sectors such as food, health, cosmetics, and energy. However, in Colombia, this sector remains underdeveloped. Therefore, the objective of this study was to implement a semi-closed cultivation system to evaluate the growth rate of Hypnea musciformis thalli under controlled salinity, temperature, and pH conditions. Two cultivation periods were conducted between September and December 2022 and August and November 2023. The collected thalli were acclimatized, planted, and their average daily growth rate (TCDm) was measured in response to four NaNO3 treatments (5 mM, 15 mM, 20 mM, and 0 mM), two substrate types (coral skeleton (CS) and polypropylene mesh (PM)), and two light conditions. (white light at 30 µmol m⁻² s⁻¹ and blue + white light at 106 µmol m⁻² s⁻¹). Extracts were prepared by UHPLC-DAD and UHPLC-MS/MS to quantify the mycosporine-like amino acid (MAA) profile. Finally, methanol was used for kappa-carrageenan extraction and SEC-HPLC to determine its molecular weight. In the first assay, the highest TCDm was obtained at 8 days, which was 4.613 ± 2.792 %; n = 8 with 5 mM, and for the second it was at 35 days, 0.866 ± 0.576 %; n = 24 with 5 mM. Although there were no significant differences between substrates, trial 1 with SC and 5 mM [NaNO3] showed a TCDm of 6.973%. Significant differences were found between treatments for trial 1 (PERMANOVA, pseudo F = 12.262, p = 0.0001), and between light conditions for trial 2 (PERMANOVA, pseudo F = 9.151, p = 0.003). White light achieved a TCDm of 0.619 ± 0.980%; n = 56 with 15 mM [NaNO3]. The cultured samples revealed only traces of MAAs, a kappa-carrageenan extraction yield between 20.5 and 34.7 %, and molecular weights from 134.80 kDa to 163.04 kDa. It was possible to promote increased thalli growth and determine that the contributing variables accounted for 34.8% of the TCD variability; however, the importance of optimizing environmental conditions and using biofilters to limit the presence of competing organisms is highlighted, in order to optimize and guarantee the long-term viability of the crop.
dc.format.extent133 páginas
dc.format.mimetypeapplication/pdf
dc.identifier.urihttps://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12010/39570
dc.language.isoes
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dc.subjectKappa-carragenina
dc.subjectMicosporinas
dc.subjectTasa de crecimiento
dc.subjectSustratos
dc.subjectNutrientes
dc.subject.keywordKappa-carrageenan
dc.subject.keywordMycosporins
dc.subject.keywordGrowth
dc.subject.keywordSubstrates
dc.subject.keywordNutrients
dc.subject.lembCultivo de algas
dc.subject.lembMacroalgas marinas
dc.subject.lembBiotecnología marina
dc.titleCultivo semicerrado de Hypnea Musciformis (Rhodophyta): evaluación de la tasa de crecimiento
dc.type.coarhttp://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_7a1f

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