Riesgo por mercurio y metilmercurio asociado al consumo de cuatro especies de peces marinos en el Caribe Norte Colombiano

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dc.contributor.advisorSanjuan Muñoz, Adolfo
dc.contributor.advisorMonroy López, Mario Armando
dc.contributor.advisorPolo Silva, Carlos Julio
dc.creatorAlmario García, Margui Lorena
dc.date.accessioned2025-01-07T15:08:41Z
dc.date.available2025-01-07T15:08:41Z
dc.date.created2024-11-10
dc.description.abstractLa contaminación por mercurio es una problemática mundial generada por fuentes naturales y antrópicas que se ha incrementado principalmente en ecosistemas acuáticos, por actividades como la quema de combustibles fósiles, la minería y la producción industrial de cloro y cemento. El mercurio puede transformarse por procesos bioquímicos y biomagnificarse en las redes tróficas afectando a organismos acuáticos, lo que puede generar un riesgo para la salud alimentaria de los humanos que los consumen. Este estudio evaluó el riesgo por mercurio total (HgT) y metilmercurio (MeHg) en el tejido muscular de las especies de peces comerciales Auxis thazard thazard (cachorreta; n = 27), Euthynnus alletteratus (bonito; n = 44), Caranx crysos (cojinúa negra; n = 40) y Lutjanus synagris (pargo rayado; n = 33), entre enero y noviembre de 2019. Los peces se obtuvieron de pescadores locales en puntos de desembarco y comercialización en la zona costera del Magdalena, al noreste de Colombia. Las concentraciones de HgT y MeHg se determinaron con un analizador directo de mercurio. Se encontraron mayores concentraciones promedio de HgT en las especies con dietas predominantemente piscívoras (E. alletteratus > C. crysos > A. thazard thazard > L. synagris). La masa y talla total de los peces evaluados presentó una relación positiva y significativa (p <0.05) con la concentración de mercurio total y metilmercurio en todas las especies. La proporción del MeHg con respecto al HgT fue del 78.51 %. Solo dos especímenes superaron los niveles de mercurio total permitidos para su consumo, según la normativa colombiana (0.5 mg × kg-1 peso fresco). Al evaluar el riesgo por el consumo de estas especies en pescadores encuestados (n = 17), la cojinúa negra representa la mayor ingesta semanal de MeHg promedio (4.73 ± 2.84 µg × kg-1). Como esta ingesta supera la ingesta semanal recomendada (1.6 µg de MeHg kg-1 de peso corporal × semana-1 de cojinúa negra para población vulnerable), se sugiere una cantidad máxima de 1.32 ± 0.42 kg × semana-1 de esta especie para reducir el riesgo para los pescadores y las comunidades locales, que promueva un control en la frecuencia de consumo de estas especies de peces, dada su importancia comercial.spa
dc.description.abstractenglishMercury pollution is a global issue caused by both natural and human sources, which has been exacerbated in aquatic ecosystems due to activities such as the combustion of fossil fuels, mining, and the industrial production of chlorine and cement. Mercury can transform through biochemical processes and biomagnify in trophic webs, affecting aquatic organisms and posing a risk to human food health. This study evaluated the risk of total mercury (HgT) and methylmercury (MeHg) in the muscle tissue of commercial fish species Auxis thazard thazard (frigate tuna; n = 27), Euthynnus alletteratus (little tunny; n = 44), Caranx crysos (blue runner; n = 40), and Lutjanus synagris (red snapper; n = 33), between January and November 2019. The fish were obtained from local fishermen at landing and marketing points in the coastal area of Magdalena, northeastern Colombia. HgT and MeHg concentrations were determined using a direct mercury analyzer. Higher average concentrations of HgT were found in species with predominantly piscivorous diets (E. alletteratus > C. crysos > A. thazard thazard > L. synagris). The mass and total size of the evaluated fish showed a positive and significant relationship (p <0.05) with total mercury and methylmercury concentration in all species. The proportion of MeHg relative to HgT was 78.51%. Only two specimens exceeded the permitted total mercury levels for consumption according to Colombian regulations (0.5 mg × kg-1 wet weight). When evaluating the risk of consuming these species in surveyed fishermen (n = 17), blue runner represents the highest average weekly intake of MeHg (4.73 ± 2.84 µg × kg-1). As this intake exceeds the recommended weekly intake (1.6 µg of MeHg kg-1 body weight × week-1 for vulnerable populations), a maximum amount of 1.32 ± 0.42 kg × week-1 of this species is suggested to reduce risks for fishermen and local communities, promoting controlled consumption frequencies of these commercially important fish species.spa
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dc.identifier.urihttps://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12010/36126
dc.language.isospaspa
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dc.relation.referencesAbolghait, S., Garbaj, A., 2015. Determination of cadmium, lead and mercury residual levels in meat of canned light tuna (Katsuwonus pelamis and Thunnus albacares) and fresh little tunny (Euthynnus alletteratus) in Libya. Open Vet. J. 5, 130. https://doi.org/10.5455/OVJ.2015.v5.i2.p130spa
dc.subjectBioacumulación
dc.subjectCaranx crysos
dc.subjectContaminantes metálicos
dc.subjectEuthynnus alletteratus
dc.subjectLutjanus synagris
dc.subjectRegión del Magdalena.
dc.subjectAuxis thazard thazardspa
dc.subject.keywordBioaccumulation
dc.subject.keywordCaranx crysos
dc.subject.keywordMetal contaminants
dc.subject.keywordEuthynnus alletteratus
dc.subject.keywordLutjanus synagris
dc.subject.keywordMagdalena region.
dc.subject.keywordAuxis thazard thazardspa
dc.subject.lembContaminación por mercurio - Ecosistemas acuáticos
dc.subject.lembPescados comerciales - Contaminación por metales pesados
dc.subject.lembBioacumulación de mercurio - Salud pública
dc.titleRiesgo por mercurio y metilmercurio asociado al consumo de cuatro especies de peces marinos en el Caribe Norte Colombianospa
dc.type.coarhttp://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_bdccspa

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