Artificial inteligence : past, present and future

Abstract

This article will review the history of Artificial Intelligence (AI) and its transformative capacity on the world. Although its birth dates back to the mid-20th century, it is now that the factors have converged to make AI the key ingredient of the so-called Fourth Industrial Revolution: a significant increase in computer computing capabilities and the emergence of the Big Data phenomenon. In recent years, we have witnessed the most spectacular advances in AI, with notable applications in fields such as medicine, finance, industry, and law. However, AI still faces many challenges, and it is expected that the coming years will bring even more impressive developments. One of the major challenges is to ensure that AI is ethical and reliable. There are increasingly more intelligent systems that make decisions that impact our lives, so it is of utmost importance to ensure that these systems are robust, transparent, and fair. Furthermore, due to the trend of using increasingly larger and complex computational models, there is a growing concern about the energy resources consumed by AI algorithms. Therefore, another challenge for AI is to achieve increasingly sustainable and inclusive models.