Politics of (Dis)integration
Date
2020Author
Hinger, Sophie
Schweitzer, Reinhard
Advisor
Hinger, Sophie
Schweitzer, Reinhard
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Abstract
Public policies have always been concerned with the integration of specific migrant
and non-migrant others, as well as with that of society as a whole. What is meant by
integration has clearly changed over time and, with it, the precise nature of the policies designed to enact it, at both the individual and the societal level. Despite this
shifting conceptual foundation, something called ‘integration’ has been an official
policy goal for the last 50 years or more, at least in liberal democracies. As far as the
integration of newcomers is concerned, this liberal consensus has begun to change
in the last few years. Integration is used much more instrumentally, today, as a fixed
and measurable set of requirements for the attainment of certain rights, including
citizenship. While some migrants have always been excluded from integration policies, we can now also see a significant rise in the creation of barriers to their equal
participation in social systems. In some cases, this even affects citizens who are
either identified with specifically targeted migrant others – including black and
minority-ethnic groups and national minorities – or who returned to their own country of origin after having lived abroad. The widespread anti-immigrant populism
that provoked these developments started before 2014 but has become more pronounced since 2015 and 2016. The tensions that these changes create are exacerbated by the progressive withdrawal of government from practical support for
integration over the last decade or so, and the corresponding increase in the role of
market forces and the voluntary sector.
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