Forgotten Technology in the COVID-19 Pandemic. Filtration Properties of Cloth and Cloth Masks: A Narrative Review
Date
2020Author
Clase, Catherine M.
Fu, Edouard L.
Ashur, Aurneen
. Beale, Rupert CL
Clase, Imogen A.
Dolovich, Myrna B.
Jardine, Meg J.
Joseph, Meera
Kansiime, Grace
Mann, Johannes FE.
Pecoits-Filho, Roberto
Winkelmayer, Wolfgang C.
Carrero, Juan J.
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Abstract
We searched Medline and Embase, and used Google, including articles reporting the filtration
properties of flat cloth, or cloth masks. We reviewed the reference lists of relevant articles and
review articles, and identified articles the press. We found 25 articles. Study of protection for
the wearer often used a manikin wearing a mask, with airflow to simulate different breathing
rates. Studies of protection of the environment, also known as source control, used
convenience samples of healthy volunteers. The design and execution of the studies was
generally rigorously described. Many descriptions of cloth lacked the detail required for
reproducibility; no study gave all the expected details of material, thread count, weave, and
weight. Some of the homemade mask designs were reproducible.
Successful masks were muslin at 100 threads per inch (TPI) in 3-4 layers (4-layer muslin or a
muslin-flannel-muslin sandwich); tea towels (also known as dish towels), studied as one-layer,
and two-layer expected to be better; and good-quality cotton T shirts in 2 layers (with a
stitched edge to prevent stretching). In flat-cloth experiments, tea towel, cotton 600 TPI in two
layers, and cotton 600 TPI with flannel 90 TPI, performed well, but two-layer cotton 80 TPI did
not. Multiple layers should be used, at least two, and preferably three or four; however there is
a trade-off in that this increases the resistance to breathing.
This is not a systematic review; however, we included all the articles that we identified in an
unbiased way. We did not include grey literature or preprints.
Palabras clave
COVID-19; Pandemic; MasksLink to resource
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mayocp.2020.07.020Collections
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