Microplásticos flotantes en sistemas marino-costeros del Caribe colombiano

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dc.contributor.advisorTigreros Benavides, Paulo César
dc.contributor.advisorSanjuan Muñoz, Adolfo Mario
dc.creatorGarzón Rodríguez, Luis Felipe
dc.date.accessioned2024-11-29T13:32:55Z
dc.date.available2024-11-29T13:32:55Z
dc.date.created2024-11-26
dc.description.abstractLos microplásticos (MP), partículas de no más de 5 mm de tamaño, son un grupo de contaminantes que ha logrado dispersarse en todos los ecosistemas terrestres y marinos. Así como también ha permeado todos los elementos del paisaje, pasando desde la atmósfera, el suelo y los cuerpos de agua, hasta los organismos que los habitan y los humanos con los que coexisten en la Tierra. La cantidad de microplásticos en los sistemas marino-costeros influenciados por los ríos Magdalena y Sinú en las épocas climáticas seca y lluviosa de 2022 resultó ser regida principalmente por efectos espaciales y de las categorías de tamaño de estas partículas (0.3-1.4 mm y 1.4-5.0 mm) (Permanova, Pseudo-F = 2.018, gl = 7, 71 valor p = 0.001). La mayor concentración de MP fue en Magdalena en la época lluviosa del tamaño de 0.3 mm (0.104 MP/m3) y la menor en Sinú en época seca pero de 1.4 mm (0.016 MP/m3). Las mayores concentraciones en ambos sectores se dieron en los cuerpos de agua cenagosos como la Ciénaga Grande de Santa Marta y la bahía de Cispatá. En general, los filamentos de 0.3 mm dominaron por sobre las demás formas y tamaños, excepto en Magdalena en la época de lluvias, donde fueron reemplazados por las láminas. De acuerdo con el análisis polimérico, el polipropileno fue más abundante respecto a los otros seis polímeros hallados. El análisis multicriterio de la contaminación por MP en los sistemas marino-costeros del Caribe colombiano evidenció que la radiación UV y la inadecuada gestión de basuras tienen mayor efecto sobre la generación de microplásticos en los asentamientos humanos de la región, mientras que la velocidad del viento es la variable que más contribuye a su dispersión hacia y dentro de la zona costera. También se evidenció que de acuerdo con el modelo de riesgo de contaminación por MP, cerca de dos terceras parte de esta área marina se encuentran bajo un riesgo “Medio” y que las zonas con riesgo “Alto” se asocian a los ríos Magdalena y Sinú, junto con el norte de La Guajira, donde las condiciones climáticas y los incipientes sistemas de gestión de basuras son óptimos para la contaminación por MP.spa
dc.description.abstractenglishMicroplastics (MP), particles of les tan 5 mm, are a group of contaminants that have dispersed across all the terrestrial and marine ecosystems, as well as reached all the landscape-elements, including the atmosphere, the ground, water bodies, the organisms that inhabit them and the humans that coexist in the Earth. The quantity and the characteristics of the microplastics in the marine-coastal systems influenced by the Magdalena and Sinú rivers during the dry and the rainy seasons of 2022 resulted to be spatially and temporally dynamic, finding significative changes within both sectors during the two climatic periods and between the size categories employed (0.3- 1.4 mm and 1.4-5.0 mm) (Permanova, Pseudo-F = 2.02, df = 7, 71, p-value = 0.001), finding the highest concentration with MP of 0.3 mm in Magdalena during the rainy season (0.104 MP/m3) and the lowest with MP of 1.4 mm in Sinú during the dry season (0.016 MP/m3), however, the highest concentrations in both sectors occurred in swampy water bodies such as the Ciénaga Grande de Santa Marta and Cispatá Bay. In general, 0.3 mm filaments dominated over the other shapes and sizes, except in Magdalena during the rainy season, where they were replaced by films. According to polymer analysis, polypropylene was more abundant than the other six polymers found. Additionally, while carrying out the multicriteria analysis of MP contamination in the marine-coastal systems of Colombian Caribbean, the UV radiation and the mismanaged wastes have the highest effect over the microplastic-generation in the human settlements of the region, while the speed of wind is the variable that contributed the most to their dispersion towards and from the coastal zone. Moreover, it was revealed that according to the risk of MP-contamination model, about of two-thirds of this marine area is under “Medium” risk and the zones with “High” risk are associated to the Magdalena and Sinú Rivers along with the north of La Guajira, where the climatic conditions and the precarious waste-management are optimum for the MP contamination.spa
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dc.identifier.urihttps://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12010/36006
dc.language.isospaspa
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dc.relation.referencesZar, J.H. 1999. Biostatistical Analysis. Prentice Hall, New Jersey, USA. 663 p.spa
dc.subjectMicroplásticosspa
dc.subjectDesechosspa
dc.subjectCaribe colombianospa
dc.subjectContaminaciónspa
dc.subjectAmbientes marino-costerosspa
dc.subjectPolímerospa
dc.subjectEvaluación multicriteriospa
dc.subjectProceso Analítico Jerárquicospa
dc.subject.keywordMicroplasticsspa
dc.subject.keywordWastesspa
dc.subject.keywordColombian Caribbeanspa
dc.subject.keywordPollutionspa
dc.subject.keywordMarine-coastal environmentsspa
dc.subject.keywordPolymerspa
dc.subject.keywordMulticriteria evaluationspa
dc.subject.keywordAnalytic Hierarchy Processspa
dc.subject.lembContaminación por microplásticos - Colombia
dc.subject.lembMicroplásticos - Análisis polimérico
dc.subject.lembGestión ambiental - Contaminación marina
dc.titleMicroplásticos flotantes en sistemas marino-costeros del Caribe colombianospa
dc.type.coarhttp://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_bdccspa

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