Microplásticos en la acuicultura:

dc.contributor.advisorMardones Sánchez, Jorge Iván
dc.contributor.advisorDa Silva Montes, Caroline
dc.contributor.advisorNariño Vargas, María José
dc.creatorGiraldo Gutiérrez, Valentina
dc.date.accessioned2025-07-14T19:10:29Z
dc.date.available2025-07-14T19:10:29Z
dc.date.created2025-07-10
dc.description.abstractLos microplásticos derivados de la acuicultura, como el HDPE y el PP, junto con la producción creciente de compuestos tóxicos generados por floraciones algales nocivas (FAN), representan un problema emergente de alto impacto ecológico y económico. Para evaluar sus efectos aislados y combinados sobre el ecosistema y la fauna acuícola, se realizó una exposición de estos fragmentos plásticos con y sin modificación de polaridad mediante un solubilizante (tween 80) sobre sistemas de crecimiento microalgal de la especie Karenia selliformis, bajo diferentes concentraciones (50, 500, 1 000, 2 000 mg/L) por 30 días. En sus fases de adaptación (2 h) y exponencial (15 días) se filtraron y expusieron los sobrenadantes de los sistemas anteriormente mencionados sobre líneas celulares branquiales RTgill-W1, para el análisis de funciones celulares específicas, tales como la actividad metabólica y lisosomal tras 24 h de exposición. Se caracterizaron morfológica y dimensionalmente los HDPE-MP y PP-MP, confirmando su forma irregular y tamaño compatible con los rangos ambientales. La exposición de K. selliformis a estos polímeros generó una disminución significativa en la densidad celular respecto al control, especialmente con HDPE-MP, con una reducción estimada del 39 %, según modelos lineales mixtos. Las tasas de crecimiento diarias no mostraron diferencias globales significativas. La presencia del tween 80 modificó los efectos observados, mostrando tanto estímulo como inhibición del crecimiento según la concentración y tipo de MP. En adición, la viabilidad de células RTgill-W1 disminuyó significativamente tras la exposición a los sobrenadantes de cultivos de K. selliformis en presencia de MP, con efectos más severos en tiempos prolongados y en ausencia de tween 80, lo cual sugiere una acción citotóxica acumulativa en la actividad metabólica de las ficotoxinas absorbidas por los MPs. Estos hallazgos indican que los MPs no solo afectan a organismos productores, sino también a especies de relevancia acuícola como Oncorhynchus mykiss, especialmente en escenarios de exposición prolongada. En conjunto, estos resultados destacan la necesidad de considerar la coexistencia entre microplásticos, ficotoxinas y cofactores como el tween 80 al evaluar riesgos ecotoxicológicos en ambientes acuáticos. Se recomienda incorporar mayores densidades celulares y una caracterización más profunda de los aditivos de los MPs en futuros estudios para comprender mejor su comportamiento e impacto en condiciones ambientales reales.spa
dc.description.abstractenglishAquaculture-derived microplastics, such as HDPE and PP, together with the increasing production of toxic compounds generated by harmful algal blooms (HABs), represent an emerging problem with high ecological and economic impact. To evaluate their isolated and combined effects on the ecosystem and aquaculture fauna, an exposure of plastic fragments with and without polarity modification by means of a solubilizer (tween 80) on microalgal growth systems of the species Karenia selliformis, under different concentrations (50, 500, 1 000, 2 000 mg/L) for 30 days, was carried out. In their adaptation (2 h) and exponential (15 days) phases, the supernatants of the aforementioned systems were filtered and exposed on RTgill-W1 gill cell lines, for the analysis of specific cellular functions, such as metabolic and lysosomal activity after 24 h of exposure. HDPE-MP and PP-MP were characterized morphologically and dimensionally, confirming their irregular shape and size compatible with environmental ranges. Exposure of K. selliformis to these polymers generated a significant decrease in cell density with respect to the control, especially with HDPE-MP, with an estimated reduction of 39 %, according to linear mixed models. Daily growth rates showed no significant overall differences. The presence of tween 80 modified the observed effects, showing both growth stimulation and inhibition depending on the concentration and type of MP. In addition, RTgill-W1 cell viability decreased significantly after exposure to K. selliformis culture supernatants in the presence of MPs, with more severe effects at prolonged times and in the absence of tween 80, suggesting a cumulative cytotoxic action on the metabolic activity of phycotoxins absorbed by MPs. These findings indicate that PMs not only affect producer organisms, but also species of aquaculture relevance such as Oncorhynchus mykiss, especially in prolonged exposure scenarios. Collectively, these results highlight the need to consider the coexistence between microplastics, phycotoxins and cofactors such as tween 80 when assessing ecotoxicological risks in aquatic environments. It is recommended to incorporate higher cell densities and deeper characterization of MPs additives in future studies to better understand their behavior and impact in real environmental conditions.spa
dc.format.extent59 páginas sin anexosspa
dc.format.mimetypeapplication/pdfspa
dc.identifier.urihttps://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12010/37082
dc.language.isospaspa
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dc.subjectOncorhynchus mykiss
dc.subjectToxicidad
dc.subjectPP
dc.subjectHDPE
dc.subjectKarenia selliformisspa
dc.subject.keywordOncorhynchus mykiss
dc.subject.keywordToxicity
dc.subject.keywordPP
dc.subject.keywordHDPE
dc.subject.keywordKarenia selliformisspa
dc.subject.lembMicroplásticos
dc.subject.lembImpacto ambiental
dc.subject.lembPolietileno de alta densidad
dc.subject.lembEcotoxicología acuática
dc.titleMicroplásticos en la acuicultura:spa
dc.title.subtitleinteracción aislada y acoplada con toxinas microalgales y sus efectos en líneas celulares RTgill-W1
dc.type.coarhttp://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_6501spa

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