Identificación de cultivos de amapola en los andes colombianos: teledetección y espectroradiometría en Aponte, Nariño
| dc.date.created | 2023 | |
| dc.description.abstract | En Colombia, las fumigaciones aéreas con glifosato sobre cul tivos ilícitos como coca y amapola (Papaver somniferum L.), realizadas hasta 2015 y retomadas en 2020, se han basado en los informes anuales de monitoreo de la Oficina de las Naciones Unidas contra la Droga y el Delito (UNODC por sus siglas en inglés). Estas operaciones de erradicación dependen parcialmente del procesamiento de imágenes satelitales que involucran múltiples tipos de sensores y métodos analíticos. El cultivo de amapola, que se da predominantemente en zonas de alta montaña (>1900 msnm), presenta desafíos únicos para su detección por teledetección. La frecuente cobertura nubosa en los Andes obstruye las observaciones satelitales ópticas, mientras que los cultivadores emplean estrategias de ocultamiento como parcelas pequeñas (<0.5 ha) e intercalado con vegetación nativa. Este estudio desarrolla una metodología novedosa para la detección de amapola utilizando imágenes satelitales, comparando dos enfoques de firmas espectrales: (1) extracción tradicional a partir de datos satelitales versus (2) firmas espectrales obtenidas in situ mediante espectrorradiometría de campo en diferentes etapas fenológicas. Realizado en el resguardo indígena Inga de Aponte (Nariño, sur de Colombia), el estudio se centra en una zona con 20 años de historia documentada de cultivos de amapola, donde las comunidades locales están transitando hacia alternativas legales. Nuestro método propone un protocolo de detección validado, paso a paso, utilizando datos satelitales de acceso abierto, con todas las firmas espectrales y flujos de procesamiento disponibles públicamente. Esta transparencia busca apoyar políticas antidrogas basadas en evidencia, respetando los derechos territoriales indígenas. | |
| dc.description.abstractenglish | In Colombia, aerial glyphosate spraying campaigns targeting illicit crops such as coca and opium poppy (Papaver somniferum L.), conducted until 2015 and resumed in 2020, have been based on the annual monitoring reports of the United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime (UNODC). These eradication operations partially rely on the processing of satellite imagery involving multiple types of sensors and analytical methods. Poppy cultivation, which occurs predominantly in high-altitude zones (>1900 masl), presents unique challenges for remote sensing detection. Frequent cloud cover in the Andes obstructs optical satellite observations, while growers employ concealment strategies such as small plots (<0.5 ha) and intercropping with native vegetation. This study develops a novel methodology for poppy detection using satellite imagery, comparing two spectral signature approaches: (1) traditional extraction from satellite data versus (2) spectral signatures obtained in situ through field spectroradiometry at different phenological stages. Conducted in the Inga indigenous reserve of Aponte (Nariño, southern Colombia), the study focuses on an area with a 20-year documented history of poppy cultivation, where local communities are transitioning toward legal alternatives. Our method proposes a validated, step-by-step detection protocol using open-access satellite data, with all spectral signatures and processing workflows made publicly available. This transparency aims to support evidence-based drug policy while respecting indigenous territorial rights. | |
| dc.format.extent | 39 páginas | |
| dc.format.mimetype | application/pdf | |
| dc.identifier.uri | https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12010/38712 | |
| dc.language.iso | es | |
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| dc.subject | Cultivo de amapola | |
| dc.subject | Imágenes satelitales | |
| dc.subject | Firmas espectrales | |
| dc.subject | Espectroradiometría | |
| dc.subject | Comunidades indígenas | |
| dc.subject | Fumigación aérea | |
| dc.subject | Colombia | |
| dc.subject.keyword | Opium poppy cultivation | |
| dc.subject.keyword | Satellite imagery | |
| dc.subject.keyword | Spectral signatures | |
| dc.subject.keyword | Spectroradiometry | |
| dc.subject.keyword | Indigenous communities | |
| dc.subject.keyword | Aerial fumigation | |
| dc.subject.keyword | Colombia | |
| dc.subject.lemb | Cultivos ilícitos - Detección | |
| dc.subject.lemb | Amapola - Monitoreo ambiental | |
| dc.subject.lemb | Erradicación de cultivos ilícitos - Política pública | |
| dc.title | Identificación de cultivos de amapola en los andes colombianos: teledetección y espectroradiometría en Aponte, Nariño | |
| dc.type.coar | http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_2df8fbb1 |
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