Assessment of ecological hazards and environmental fate of disinfectant quaternary ammonium compounds

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dc.creatorDeLeo, Paul C
dc.creatorHuynh, Carolyn
dc.creatorPattanayek, Mala
dc.creatorSchmid, Katherine Clark
dc.creatorPechacek, Nathan
dc.date.accessioned2020-09-18T01:09:35Z
dc.date.available2020-09-18T01:09:35Z
dc.date.created2020-12-15
dc.description.abstractenglishDisinfectant quaternary ammonium compounds (Quats) have diverse uses in a variety of consumer and commercial products, particularly cleaning products. With the emergence of the COVID-19 pandemic, they have become a primary tool to inactivate the SARS-CoV-2 virus on surfaces. Disinfectant Quats have very low vapor pressure, and following the use phase of the products in which they are found, disposal is typically “down-the-drain” to wastewater treatment systems. Consequently, the potential for the greatest environmental effect is to the aquatic environment, from treated effluent, and potentially to soils, which might be amended with wastewater biosolids. Among the earliest used and still common disinfectant Quats are the alkyl dimethyl benzyl ammonium chloride (ADBAC) compounds and the dialkyl dimethyl ammonium chloride (DDAC) compounds. They are cationic surfactants often found in consumer and commercial surface cleaners. Because of their biocidal properties, disinfectant Quats are heavily regulated for human and environmental safety around the world. Consequently, there is a robust database of information regarding the ecological hazards and environmental fate of ADBAC and DDAC; however, some of the data presented are from unpublished studies that have been submitted to and reviewed by regulatory agencies (i.e., EPA and European Chemicals Agency) to support antimicrobial product registration. We summarize the available environmental fate data and the acute and chronic aquatic ecotoxicity data for freshwater species, including algae, invertebrates, fish, and plants using peer-reviewed literature and unpublished data submitted to and summarized by regulatory agencies. The lower limit of the range of the ecotoxicity data for disinfectant Quats tends to be lower than that for other surface active agents, such as nonionic or anionic surfactants. However, ecotoxicity is mitigated by environmental fate characteristics, the data for which we also summarize, including high biodegradability and a strong tendency to sorb to wastewater biosolids, sediment, and soil. As a result, disinfectant Quats are largely removed during wastewater treatment, and those residues discharged in treated effluent are likely to rapidly bind to suspended solids or sediments, thus mitigating their toxicity.spa
dc.format.extent10 páginasspa
dc.format.mimetypeapplication/pdfspa
dc.identifier.doihttps://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoenv.2020.111116spa
dc.identifier.issn0147-6513spa
dc.identifier.otherhttps://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0147651320309556?via%3Dihubspa
dc.identifier.urihttps://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12010/13412
dc.language.isoengspa
dc.publisherEcotoxicology and Environmental Safetyspa
dc.rights.accessrightsinfo:eu-repo/semantics/openAccessspa
dc.rights.localAbierto (Texto Completo)spa
dc.sourcereponame:Expeditio Repositorio Institucional UJTLspa
dc.sourceinstname:Universidad de Bogotá Jorge Tadeo Lozanospa
dc.subjectCOVID-19spa
dc.subject.keywordQuaternary ammonium compoundsspa
dc.subject.keywordDisinfectantsspa
dc.subject.keywordAquatic ecotoxicityspa
dc.subject.keywordBiodegradationspa
dc.subject.keywordWastewater treatmentspa
dc.subject.lembSíndrome respiratorio agudo gravespa
dc.subject.lembCOVID-19spa
dc.subject.lembSARS-CoV-2spa
dc.subject.lembCoronavirusspa
dc.titleAssessment of ecological hazards and environmental fate of disinfectant quaternary ammonium compoundsspa
dc.type.coarhttp://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_6501spa
dc.type.hasversioninfo:eu-repo/semantics/acceptedVersionspa
dc.type.localArtículospa

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