H2S- and NO-releasing gasotransmitter platform: A crosstalk signaling pathway in the treatment of acute kidney injury
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2020Autor
Pieretti, Joana Claudio
Cruz Junho, Carolina Victoria
Carneiro Ramos, Marcela Sorelli
Barozzi Seabra, Amedea
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Resumo
Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a syndrome affecting most patients hospitalized due to kidney
disease; it accounts for 15% of patients hospitalized in intensive care units worldwide. AKI is
mainly caused by ischemia and reperfusion (IR) injury, which temporarily obstructs the blood
flow, increases inflammation processes and induces oxidative stress. AKI treatments available
nowadays present notable disadvantages, mostly for patients with other comorbidities. Thus, it is important to investigate different approaches to help minimizing side effects such as the ones
observed in patients subjected to the aforementioned treatments. Therefore, the aim of the
current review is to highlight the potential of two endogenous gasotransmitters - hydrogen
sulfide (H2S) and nitric oxide (NO) - and their crosstalk in AKI treatment. Both H2S and NO are
endogenous signalling molecules involved in several physiological and pathophysiological
processes, such as the ones taking place in the renal system. Overall, these molecules act by
decreasing inflammation, controlling reactive oxygen species (ROS) concentrations,
activating/inactivating pro-inflammatory cytokines, as well as promoting vasodilation and
decreasing apoptosis, hypertrophy and autophagy. Since these gasotransmitters are found in
gaseous state at environmental conditions, they can be directly applied by inhalation, or in
combination with H2S and NO donors, which are compounds capable of releasing these
molecules at biological conditions, thus enabling higher stability and slow release of NO and
H2S. Moreover, the combination between these donor compounds and nanomaterials has the
potential to enable targeted treatments, reduce side effects and increase the potential of H2S and
NO. Finally, it is essential highlighting challenges to, and perspectives in, pharmacological
applications of H2S and NO to treat AKI, mainly in combination with nanoparticulated delivery
platforms.
Palabras clave
Acute kidney injury; Hydrogen sulfide; Nitric oxide; NanomaterialsLink para o recurso
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.phrs.2020.105121Collections
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