The SARS-CoV-2 and mental health: From biological mechanisms to social consequences
Date
2020Author
Szcześniak, Dorota
Gładka, Anna
Misiak, Błażej
Cyran, Agnieszka
Rymaszewska, Joanna
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Abstract
In December 2019, the first case of severe acute respiratory syndrome
coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2, COVID-19) infection was reported. In only few
weeks it has caused a global pandemic, with mortality reaching 3.4%, mostly due
to a severe pneumonia. However, the impact of SARS-CoV-2 virus on the central
nervous system (CNS) and mental health outcomes remains unclear. Previous
studies have demonstrated the presence of other types of coronaviruses in the
brain, especially in the brainstem. There is evidence that the novel coronavirus
can penetrate CNS through the olfactory or circulatory route as well as it can
have an indirect impact on the brain by causing cytokine storm. There are also
first reports of neurological signs in patients infected by the SARS-Cov-2. They
show that COVID-19 patients have neurologic manifestations like acute
cerebrovascular disease, conscious disturbance, taste and olfactory disturbances.
In addition, there are studies showing that certain psychopathological symptoms
might appear in infected patients, including those related to mood and psychotic
disorders as well as post-traumatic stress disorder. Accumulating evidence also
indicates that the pandemic might have a great impact on mental health from the
global perspective, with medical workers being particularly vulnerable. In this
article, we provide a review of studies investigating the impact of the SARS-CoV2 on the CNS and mental health outcomes. We describe neurobiology of the virus,
highlighting the relevance to mental disorders. Furthermore, this article
summarizes the impact of the SARS-CoV-2 from the public health perspective.
Finally, we present a critical appraisal of evidence and indicate future directions
for studies in this field.
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https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pnpbp.2020.110046Collections
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