COVID-19 and diabetes mellitus: An unholy interaction of two pandemics
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Abstract
Background and aims: Diabetes mellitus is associated with poor prognosis in patients with COVID-19. On
the other hand, COVID-19 contributes to worsening of dysglycemia in people with diabetes mellitus over
and above that contributed by stress hyperglycemia. Herein, we have reviewed the two-way interactions
between COVID-19 and diabetes mellitus.
Methods: We have performed an extensive literature search for articles in PubMed, EMBASE and Google
Scholar databases till April 25, 2020, with the following keywords: “COVID-19”, “SARS-CoV-2”, “diabetes”, “diabetes mellitus”, “SARS”, “infection” and “management of diabetes mellitus” with interposition
of the Boolean operator “AND”.
Results: Compromised innate immunity, pro-inflammatory cytokine milieu, reduced expression of ACE2
and use of renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system antagonists in people with diabetes mellitus contribute
to poor prognosis in COVID-19. On the contrary, direct b-cell damage, cytokine-induced insulin resistance, hypokalemia and drugs used in the treatment of COVID-19 (like corticosteroids, lopinavir/ritonavir) can contribute to worsening of glucose control in people with diabetes mellitus.
Conclusions: The two-way interaction between COVID-19 and diabetes mellitus sets up a vicious cycle
wherein COVID-19 leads to worsening of dysglycemia and diabetes mellitus, in turn, exacerbates the
severity of COVID-19. Thus, it is imperative that people with diabetes mellitus take all necessary precautions and ensure good glycemic control amid the ongoing pandemic
Link to resource
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dsx.2020.04.049Collections
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