Año 2007
http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12010/1786
2024-03-28T22:11:12ZEfecto de la herbivoría y coralivoría por peces en la supervivencia de corales trasplantados en el Caribe colombiano
http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12010/13074
Efecto de la herbivoría y coralivoría por peces en la supervivencia de corales trasplantados en el Caribe colombiano
Effect of herbivorous and corallivorous fishes on the survival of transplanted corals in the Colombian Caribbean. To examine the effects of herbivorous and corallivorous fishes on the survival of transplanted colonies of Montastraea annularis, Diploria labyrinthiformis and Porites astreoides, both transplanted and native colonies were full-cage enclosed and compared to open (uncaged) colonies, while caging effects were assessed with a partial-cage (roof treatment). To evaluate if transplant stress increased the corals availability to fish predation, comparisons of fish foraging intensity among transplanted versus native colonies were made. To determine the density of herbivorous and corallivorous fishes on the transplants area visual censuses were made. The transient herbivorous fishes (Scaridae and Acanthuridae) were the most abundant fishes, and the corallivorous fishes (mainly Chaetodontidae) were the scarcest. A negative effect of territorial herbivorous fishes on M. annularis transplants survival was observed, mainly early on the study. Fish foraging intensity was similar on transplanted and native colonies, but differed among coral species, being lowest on D. labyrinthiformis. Fast macroalgal growth inside full-cages due to reduced fish grazing was observed. This caused partial bleaching and partial mortality in some colonies, mainly of P. astreoides. No significant difference in healthy tissue percentages among full-cage and uncaged colonies on M. annularis and D. labyrinthiformis was found, while in P. astreoides there were evident differences. The results indicate a damselfish negative effect on transplants survival early on the study, which can change depending on the fish and coral species involved. Results also indicate a fish grazing positive effect, caused by the reduction of coral-algae competition pressure, mainly on P. astreoides. Parrotfishes seem to affect corals survival both negatively through direct biting, and positively by controlling algal growth. Overall, coral transplant success was almost unaffected by fish foraging activity although several differences among coral species were obvious in relation to colony shape. Additionally, the interaction among herbivorous fish grazing and coral-algae competition balance appear important in determining transplant survival. Rev. Biol. Trop. 55 (3-4): 825-837. Epub 2007 December, 28.
Las maestrías en administración en Bogotá: situación actual y perspectivas
http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12010/13073
Las maestrías en administración en Bogotá: situación actual y perspectivas
El presente libro contiene el informe final del proyecto Las Maestrías en Administración en Bogota. Situacion Actual y Perspectivas, financiado por el Instituto Superior de Pedagogía de la Universidad Autónoma de Colomba, y desarrollado por Miembros del Laboratorio de Investigación en Estrategia, Estructura y Decisión (LIEED) de la Universidad Nacional de Colombia y del Grupo de Investigación en Perdurabilidad Empresarial (GIPE) de la Universidad del Rosario.
Progressive segmented health insurance: Colombian health reform and access to health services
http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12010/13072
Progressive segmented health insurance: Colombian health reform and access to health services
Equal access for poor populations to health services is a comprehensive objective for any health reform. The Colombian health reform addressed this issue through a segmented progressive social health insurance approach. The strategy was to assure universal coverage expanding the population covered through payroll linked insurance, and implementing a subsidized insurance program for the poorest populations, those not affiliated through formal employment. A prospective study was performed to follow-up health service utilization and out-of-pocket expenses using a cohort design. It was representative of four Colombian cities (Cendex Health Services Use and Expenditure Study, 2001). A four part econometric model was applied. The model related medical service utilization and medication with different socioeconomic, geographic, and risk associated variables. Results showed that subsidized health insurance improves health service utilization and reduces the financial burden for the poorest, as compared to those non-insured. Other social health insurance schemes preserved high utilization with variable out-of-pocket expenditures. Family and age conditions have significant effect on medical service utilization. Geographic variables play a significant role in hospital inpatient service utilization. Both, geographic and income variables also have significant impact on out-of-pocket expenses. Projected utilization rates and a simulation favor a dual policy for two-stage income segmented insurance to progress towards the universal insurance goal. Copyright # 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
De la semejanza a la modulación: la imagen y la oposición analógico ¿digital?
http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12010/13068
De la semejanza a la modulación: la imagen y la oposición analógico ¿digital?
En este artículo se realiza una revisión de la oposición analógico/digital, y el estilo en que es manejada en discursos contemporáneos como los de las teorías cognitivas, la semiótica, la estética y la filosofía. En particular, se busca replantear la manera tradicional en que la oposición es utilizada para definir la imagen y sus modalidades, reduciendo toda forma de visualidad a los conceptos tradicionales de representación o semejanza, de modo que las imágenes no serían más que copias o reproducciones de lo real, independientemente del sistema o código que las produzca o interprete. Se propone, en cambio, contemplar el régimen de lo visual desde los conceptos de modulación e intensidad, apuntando hacia una ontología de la imagen, entendida como flujo energético que constituye un hilo transformador en la trama múltiple de la realidad.